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RESPONSES OF PEOPLE TO THE MOBILE PHONES AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTECTIVE DEVICES |
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Tuesday, 21 July 2009 05:13 |
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*Korotkov K., *Korotkova A., *Petrova E., **Serov I., **Lukyanov G. * Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture This e-mail address is being protected from spam bots, you need JavaScript enabled to view it ** “AIRES” New Medical Technologies Foundation
Introduction
The problem of the influence of mobile phones radiation to human condition attracts more and more attention. In particular, it was demonstrated by electro-acupuncture analysis that functional state of 80% tested people decreased after 1 minute of using mobile phone [1]. In the research work [2] it was demonstrated that mobile phone GSM-900 influenced the bio-electric activity of the brain as detected by electro-encephalogram, while having no influence to cardio-vascular system. The GSM-1800 model produced no measurable effects, and application of a special protector practically diminished the influence.
The aim of this study was the detection of responses of people’s autonomic nervous system to the mobile phones and the influence to this process of the protective devices using Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV) technique.
Experimental Procedure
15 practically healthy subjects – volunteers of the age 20-30 years old, all yang women took part in the experiments. The protocol of measurements with the GDV camera of 10 fingers of the subjects was as follows:
1. Initial measurements – 3 times with 5 min difference, no phones are turned on in the room. (denote on the graphs as “initial” – data averaged on 3 measurements)
2. Mobile phone is turned on in transmission mode and kept nearby the ear of the subject.
3. Measurement after 5 minutes with mobile phone on. (tel 5)
4. Measurement after 10 minutes with mobile phone on. (tel 10)
5. Mobile phone is turned off.
6. Measurement after 10 minutes with mobile phone turned off. (after 10)
7. “Aires” protector is attached to the phone.
8. Mobile phone with “Aires” protector is turned on in transmission mode and kept nearby the ear of the subject.
9. Measurement after 5 minutes with mobile phone on. (tel Aires 5)
10. Measurement after 10 minutes with mobile phone on. (tel Aires 10)
As a whole it was 8 measurements for every subject on 10 fingers – 800 images total.
Panasonic EB-G60 and Sony Erickson models were used for the experiment.
Image processing was done in the complex of GDV programs. For every image after noise cleansing two parameters were calculated: Area – the number of exposed pixels of the image after noise processing, and averaged Intensity of the image – in the computer coding range from 0 to 255.
Experimental Results.
In initial condition SD for Area for al 12 subjects was less than 9%, while SD for Intensity was less than 5%. In simple words all variations exceeding these numbers should be considered as significant. Theses data were the basis for statistical evaluation.
Example of data processing for the subject 1P is presented at fig.1.
Fig.1. Area for different testing for subject 1P. Bars denote the SD.
Statistical Evaluation of data.
Statistically significant changes of signal were evaluated in Excel and Statistica programs by using t-test (Student test). Table 1 demonstrate probabilities that two sets of data are statistically similar (that means they are dissimilar if p < 0.05).
Reaction to the telephone.
Table 1. Results of t-test for, Area and Intensity after 5’ and 10’ phone conversation (significant changes are marked) 1 - Initial - phone 5'; 2 - Initial - phone 10'
AREA
Intensity
People
1
2
People
1
2
1P
0.189
0.000
1P
0.854
0.329
2P
0.000
0.000
2P
0.000
0.000
3P
0.198
0.433
3P
0.627
0.248
4P
0.000
0.284
4P
0.000
0.838
5P
0.001
0.006
5P
0.155
0.038
6P
0.984
0.081
6P
0.274
0.057
7P
0.002
0.000
7P
0.056
0.025
1S
0.039
0.004
1S
0.495
0.512
2S
0.014
0.000
2S
0.830
0.748
3S
0.294
0.000
3S
0.754
0.020
4S
0.291
0.322
4S
0.170
0.023
5S
0.009
0.000
5S
0.045
0.000
6S
0.000
0.000
6S
0.002
0.002
7S
0.824
0.337
7S
0.038
0.504
8S
0.443
0.509
8S
0.143
0.058
As we see from the Table 1, for people using Panasonic phone significant changes after 10 minutes are noted for 4 people in Area parameter and 3 people in Intensity parameter. Two people (3P and 6P) did not respond at all, person 1P responded on Area only.
After 5 minutes using the phone reactions were less presented.
For people using Sony Erickson phone significant changes after 10 minutes were noted for 5 people in Area parameter and 4 people in Intensity parameter.
It is interesting that for some people we may see reaction after 5 minutes and no reaction after 10 minutes.
So we may conclude that reaction to Panasonic phone after 10 minutes “conversation” was practically the same as to Sony Erickson phone.
For people having been using Panasonic phone significant changes after 10 minutes rest were noted for 6 people in Area parameter and 5 people in Intensity parameter.
It is interesting that 3P person had reacted after 10’ rest – seems to be her response to the phone was deferred.
For people having been using Sony Erickson phone significant changes after 10 minutes rest were noted for 3 people in Area parameter and 5 people in Intensity parameter.
So we may conclude that after 10’ rest reaction to Panasonic phone was stronger than to Sony Erickson phone.
Reaction to the telephones with Aires protector.
Table 2. Results of t-test for Area and Intensity after using phone with Aires.
People
4
5
6
7
People
4
5
6
7
1P
0.392
0.299
0.003
0.000
1P
0.783
0.878
0.163
0.070
2P
0.023
0.369
0.000
0.000
2P
0.022
0.008
0.804
0.226
3P
0.002
0.404
0.002
0.007
3P
0.003
0.527
0.012
0.728
4P
0.000
0.001
0.741
0.025
4P
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.983
5P
0.670
0.826
0.000
0.000
5P
0.883
0.754
0.000
0.000
6P
0.870
0.271
0.002
0.000
6P
0.311
0.553
0.114
0.000
7P
0.365
0.711
0.000
0.000
7P
0.794
0.761
0.007
0.001
1S
0.239
0.769
0.009
0.223
1S
0.718
0.141
0.621
0.029
2S
0.031
0.000
0.038
0.000
2S
0.194
0.281
0.028
0.059
3S
0.247
0.080
0.538
0.075
3S
0.090
0.027
0.646
0.736
4S
0.330
0.783
0.008
0.304
4S
0.100
0.067
0.915
0.651
5S
0.282
0.116
0.000
0.000
5S
0.000
0.029
0.000
0.000
6S
0.050
0.001
0.483
0.820
6S
0.517
0.681
0.293
0.209
7S
0.275
0.133
0.000
0.000
7S
0.066
0.002
0.469
0.638
8S
0.973
0.085
0.299
0.004
8S
0.827
0.377
0.101
0.009
AREA
Intensity
4
after 10' - phone+Aires 5'; 5 - after 10' - phone+Aires 10'; 6- initial - phone+Aires 5';
7
initial - phone+Aires 10'
As we see from the columns 4 and 5, the response to the phone with Aires was less compared to the response to the phone without Aires: 1, 2 or 3 significant responses.
Changes of parameters with Aires compared to the initial condition (columns 6 and 7) may be related to the longitudinal effects of the mobile phone, but this topic needs more detailed study. Conclusions
1. Keeping mobile phone in transmission mode nearby the ear for 10 minutes resulted in significant changes of physiological parameters for most of the tested people, while variations of parameters in initial state during 10 minutes were insignificant. So we may conclude that autonomic nervous system reacted to the influence of the mobile phones of the studied types.
2. The level of influence depended on the time of influence: after 5 minutes of using the phone reactions were less significant than after 10 minutes.
3. Reactions to Panasonic phone after 10 minutes rest were stronger than to Sony Erickson phone.
4. Reactions to the phone with attached Aires protector were less significant compared to the reactions to the phone without attached Aires protector (1-3 people’s reactions compared with 5-6 reactions from the group of 7). This may signify at least 50% protective effect of the Aires device. At the same time we can not exclude the adaptation effect of the autonomic nervous system to the mobile phone influence, but this topic needs more detailed study.
5. We may expect longitudinal effects of the mobile phone, but this topic needs more detailed study.
6. From the presented data it is clear that the effect of the mobile hone depends on the time of using, type of the telephone and specific condition of the particular person. In other words, reaction to the mobile phone is very individual and this topic needs attention with elaborated research technique using multiple methodic.
7. Presented above data demonstrate the perspectives and necessity of the further research in this area.
References
1. Zaguskina N.A. Evaluation of the functional state of people under the influence of mobile phone. Proceedings of the Neirobiotelecom Conference. St. Petersburg, 2006, p. 252
2. Kovaleva A.G. et. al. Analysis of the biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Proceedings of the Neirobiotelecom Conference. St. Petersburg, 2006, p. 290-294.
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Last Updated on Thursday, 23 July 2009 13:04 |
RESPONSES OF PEOPLE TO THE MOBILE PHONES AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE PROTECTIVE DEVICES